Several robustness and validity tests increase confidence in the external validity of the new study.įull details can be found at the project website, including a paper discussing the measurement of populism worldwide, and the codebook, questionnaire and data in several formats can be downloaded from the GPS’s Dataverse. At the same time, however, sufficient continuity is preserved with prior research measuring party positions to facilitate comparison with these established datasets. By including party codes used in many other related cross-national studies, the dataset facilitates easy merger for multilevel analysis, such as by comparing party positions with their institutional characteristics or with the attitudes of their voters. By incorporating continuous scaled measures of populist rhetoric, as well as ideological values, analysts can compare the degree to which all parties commonly adopt this discourse, not simply confining analysis to those designated a priori in binary categories as ‘populist’ parties. By expanding the geographic scope of coverage, including parties and countries in all inhabited continents, it allows users to move beyond the traditional focus on Europe. The research project is designed to replicate the tried and tested methods of expert surveys, while simultaneously innovating and broadening the research agenda in several important ways. The Global Party Survey, 2019 (GPS) is an international expert survey directed by Pippa Norris (Harvard University).ĭrawing on 1,861 party and election experts, the Global Party Survey, 2019 estimates key ideological values, issue positions, and populist rhetoric for 1,043 parties in 163 countries.
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